What Are Uterine Fibroids?

30 Dec What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscle layer of the uterus. Also known as leiomyomas or myomas, these growths are common, affecting up to 70-80% of women at some point in their lives. Fibroids can vary significantly in size, ranging from tiny seeds to masses larger than a melon. They can occur individually or in clusters, and may develop in different locations within or around the uterus:

• Submucosal fibroids grow inside the uterine cavity.
• Intramural fibroids are embedded within the uterine wall.
• Subserosal fibroids extend outward from the uterus.

While fibroids are almost always benign, they can cause health concerns. Common issues include heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and complications during pregnancy. Such symptoms often lead women to seek treatments such as myomectomy (fibroid removal) or hysterectomy (uterus removal).

image referenced from my.clevelandclinic.org

Causes and Risk Factors of Uterine Fibroids

Causes

Exactly what causes fibroids is not fully understood. However, research suggests the following factors may contribute:

• Genetic changes: Some fibroids contain genetic mutations distinct from normal uterine muscle cells.
• Hormonal imbalances: Estrogen and progesterone, the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, appear to promote fibroid growth.
• Family history: A woman is more likely to develop fibroids if her mother or close relatives have had them.

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase a woman’s likelihood of developing fibroids, including:

• Age: Fibroids are more common in women aged 30-40 years.
• Family history: Having a family member with fibroids raises the risk.
• Ethnicity: African-American women are at higher risk and often develop fibroids earlier and with more severe symptoms.
• Lifestyle factors: Obesity, lack of physical activity, and dietary habits may contribute to fibroid development.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch Out For

Common Symptoms

Uterine fibroids symptoms can vary depending on their size, number, and location. Common symptoms include:

• Heavy or prolonged periods: This is the most frequent symptom of fibroids and may lead to anaemia (a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin).
• Pelvic pain and pressure: Pain may occur during menstruation or persist throughout the month.
• Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder: Larger fibroids can press on the bladder, causing these issues.
• Back and leg pain: The size or position of fibroids can lead to referred pain.
• Bloating or abdominal distension: This symptom is more noticeable with larger fibroids.

When to Seek Help

Women experiencing severe symptoms such as heavy bleeding, intense pain, or difficulty conceiving should consult a healthcare provider. If you’re unsure and wondering how to check for fibroids at home, this symptom checklist can help you identify whether medical attention is necessary:

• Is your period unusually heavy or prolonged?
• Are you experiencing consistent pelvic pain?
• Do you frequently need to urinate or have trouble emptying your bladder?
• Have you noticed bloating or abdominal distension?
• Are you struggling with back or leg pain?

If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, it’s time to seek professional advice.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroid removal treatments depend on the severity of symptoms, the size and number of fibroids, and the patient’s desire for future pregnancies. Options range from non-surgical treatments to advanced surgical procedures.

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Medications: Hormonal treatments such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs) can help manage heavy bleeding, and anti-inflammatory medications may alleviate pain.
• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can reduce symptoms, especially for women with smaller fibroids or mild symptoms.
• Uterine Artery Embolisation (UAE): This minimally invasive procedure involves blocking the blood supply to uterus and fibroids, causing them to shrink.

Surgical Treatments

• Myomectomy: This surgery removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, making it an ideal choice for women who wish to retain fertility. Learn more about robotic surgery for fibroids.
• Hysterectomy: This procedure involves removing the uterus and is typically recommended for women with multiple large fibroids causing severe symptoms, or for those who do not wish to have children. 

Learn more about choosing between a hysterectomy and a myomectomy.

Comparing Treatment Options

Each treatment option has its pros and cons, and the best choice depends on individual circumstances:

Dr. Kuswanto’s Approach to Treating Uterine Fibroids

Dr. Kent Kuswanto treats uterine fibroids with a personalised, patient-centered approach.  He develops a bespoke care plan for each patient, beginning with a thorough diagnosis that incorporates advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasounds and MRIs. This process is followed by an in-depth consultation, during which Kent tailors his recommendations to suit the individual’s specific needs and goals. To make this experience as convenient as possible, initial consultations are offered via telehealth, giving patients the option to discuss their concerns from the comfort of their own home before coming into the clinic for further evaluation.

Specialising in minimally invasive techniques, Kent excels in robotic and laparoscopic surgeries for fibroid removal. These state-of-the-art procedures bring forth a host of advantages—smaller incisions, quicker recovery times, and fewer complications—when compared to traditional surgery. Throughout this process, Kent’s philosophy remains rooted in patient education and empowerment. He ensures that each patient not only understands their diagnosis, but is also well-versed in the treatment options available to them. 

Kent’s commitment to care extends beyond surgery. He offers continuous support to his patients throughout their recovery, keeping them informed, reassured, and cared for, every step of the way.