06 Apr Understanding Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis
Uterine fibroids are common, non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They may cause symptoms such as heavy periods, pelvic pain, or fertility concerns, although some women have no symptoms at all. Diagnosis usually involves imaging such as ultrasound, and treatment depends on symptoms, size, and individual goals.
Key takeaways
- Fibroids are benign growths that may vary in size, number, and location
- Symptoms may include heavy bleeding, pelvic pressure, or fertility concerns
- Some women may have fibroids without noticeable symptoms
- Diagnosis is typically confirmed with pelvic ultrasound Treatment is not always required and depends on individual circumstances
What are uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that form within the muscle wall of the uterus. They are one of the most common gynaecological conditions affecting women during their reproductive years.
Fibroids may develop as a single growth or multiple growths and can vary significantly in size. Some remain small and stable, while others may grow over time.
For a more detailed overview, see our fibroids page.
What causes fibroids?
The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development.
Hormonal influence
Fibroids are influenced by hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone, which may contribute to their growth during reproductive years.
Genetic factors
A family history of fibroids may increase the likelihood of developing them.
Reproductive age
Fibroids are more commonly diagnosed in women of reproductive age and may stabilise after menopause.
Other contributing factors
Lifestyle and environmental factors may play a role, although their impact varies between individuals.
Common symptoms of fibroids
Not all fibroids cause symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may vary depending on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.
Common symptoms may include:
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Constipation
- Lower back discomfort
- Pain during intercourse
- Difficulty conceiving in some cases
If symptoms begin to affect your daily life, it may be appropriate to seek medical advice.
How are fibroids diagnosed?
Fibroids are often detected during a routine pelvic examination or when investigating symptoms.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is usually the first-line imaging used to confirm the presence, size, and location of fibroids.
MRI scan
MRI may be recommended in more complex cases to provide a more detailed view, particularly when planning treatment.
Other investigations
In selected cases, additional procedures such as hysteroscopy or specialised imaging may be used to assess fibroids more closely.
Accurate diagnosis helps guide appropriate management and ensures treatment decisions are based on your individual condition.
When should you see a specialist?
You may consider seeing a gynaecologist if you experience:
- Persistent heavy or irregular bleeding
- Ongoing pelvic pain or pressure
- Symptoms affecting your quality of life
- Concerns about fertility or pregnancy
A specialist assessment may help determine whether monitoring or treatment is appropriate.
If treatment is required, options may include minimally invasive procedures such as robotic myomectomy, depending on your condition and goals.
When to take the next step with fibroids
Uterine fibroids are common and may not always require treatment. However, if symptoms are affecting your daily life or raising concerns about fertility, it may be helpful to seek specialist advice.
A personalised assessment can help you understand whether monitoring or treatment is appropriate based on your symptoms, goals, and the characteristics of your fibroids.
If you would like tailored guidance, you can contact us or learn more about Dr Kent’s experience on the About page.